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rev. 0 information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. a serial-port 16-bit soundport stereo codec AD1849K features single-chip integrated sd digital audio stereo codec multiple channels of stereo input and output digital signal mixing on-chip speaker and headphone drive capability programmable gain and attenuation on-chip signal filters digital interpolation and decimation analog output low-pass sample rates from 5.5 khz to 48 khz 44-lead plcc and tqfp packages operation from +5 v and mixed +5 v/+3.3 v supplies serial interface compatible with adsp-21xx fixed- point ds m ps compatible with cs4215 (see text) one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 617/329-4700 fax: 617/326-8703 speaker and stereo headphone drive circuits that require no additional external components. dynamic range exceeds 80 db over the 20 khz audio band. sample rates from 5.5 khz to 48 khz are supported from external crystals, from an external clock, or from the serial interface bit clock. the codec includes a stereo pair of sd analog-to-digital converters and a stereo pair of sd digital-to-analog converters. analog signals can be input at line levels or microphone levels. a software controlled programmable gain stage allows independent gain for each channel going into the adc. the adcs output can be digitally mixed with the dacs input. the left and right channel 16-bit outputs from the adcs are available over a single bidirectional serial interface that also sup- ports 16-bit digital input to the dacs and control information. the AD1849K can accept and generate 8-bit m -law or a-law companded digital data. the sd dacs are preceded by a digital interpolation filter. an attenuator provides independent user volume control over each dac channel. nyquist images and shaped quantization noise are removed from the dacs analog stereo output by on-chip switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters. two independent stereo pairs of line-level (or one line-level and one headphone) outputs are generated, as well as drive for a monaural (mono) speaker. ( continued on page 8) functional block diagram mux analog in crystals analog supply digital supply power down line l line r mic l mic r l r gain oscillators reference 2.25v mute ?d a/d converter ?d a/d converter gain 2 2 line 0 l line 1 l headphone return analog out ? ? monitor mix attenuate ? ?d d/a converter ?d d/a converter interpol interpol attenuate chaining input chaining output out return mono speaker attenuate attenuate analog filter analog filter loopback l r 20 db line 0 r line 1 r s e r i a l p o r t l o o p b a c k data/control mode data/control transmit 2 reset data/control receive parallel i/o bit clock frame sync digital i/o AD1849K m /a law m /a law m /a law m /a law mute l r mute product overview the serial-port AD1849K soundport? stereo codec integrates the key audio data conversion and control functions into a single integrated circuit. the AD1849K is intended to provide a com- plete, single-chip audio solution for multimedia applications requiring operation from a single +5 v supply. external signal path circuit requirements are limited to three low tolerance capacitors for line level applications; anti-imaging filters are incorporated on-chip. the AD1849K includes on-chip monaural soundport is a registered trademark of analog devices, inc.
AD1849KCspecifications rev. 0 C2C electrical specifications standard test conditions unless otherwise noted temperature 25 c dac input conditions digital supply (v dd ) 5.0 v 0 db attenuation analog supply (v cc ) 5.0 v full-scale digital inputs clock (sclk) 256 f s 16-bit linear mode master mode 256 bits per frame olb = 1 word rate (f s ) 48 khz adc input conditions input signal 1 khz 0 db pga gain analog output passband 20 hz to 20 khz C3.0 db relative to full scale v ih 2.4 v line input v il 0.8 v 16-bit linear mode external load impedance 10 k w (line 0) all tests are performed on all adc and dac channels. external load impedance 48 w (line 1) external load capacitance 100 pf (line 0, 1) analog input min typ max units input voltage* (rms values assume sine wave input) line and mic with 0 db gain 0 94 0.99 1.04 v rms 2.66 2.80 2.94 v p-p mic with +20 db gain 0.094 0.099 0.104 v rms 0.266 0.280 0.294 v p-p input capacitance 15 pf *accounts for sum of worst case reference errors and worst case gain errors. programmable gain amplifieradc min typ max units step size (0 db to 22.5 db) 1.3 1.5 1.7 db (all steps tested, C30 db input) pga gain range* line and mic with 0 db gain C0.2 22.7 db mic with +20 db gain 19.8 42.7 db digital decimation and interpolation filters* min max units passband 0 0.45 f s hz passband ripple 0.1 db transition band 0.45 f s 0.55 f s hz stopband 3 0.55 f s hz stopband rejection 74 db group delay 30/f s group delay variation over passband 0.0 m s
analog-to-digital converters min typ max units resolution* 16 bits adc dynamic range, a-weighted 78 83 db line and mic with 0 db gain (C60 db input, thd+n referenced to full scale) mic with +20 db gain (C60 db input, 72 74 db thd+n referenced to full scale) adc thd+n, (referenced to full scale) line and mic with 0 db gain 0.013 0.020 % C78 C74 db mic with +20 db gain 0.032 0.056 % C70 C65 db adc crosstalk line to line (input l, ground r, C80 db read r; input r, ground l, read l) line to mic (input linl & r, C60 db ground and select minl & r, read both channels) gain error (full-scale span relative to nominal) 0.75 db adc interchannel gain mismatch (line and mic) 0.3 db (difference of gain errors) digital-to-analog converters min typ max units resolution* 16 bits dac dynamic range (C60 db input, thd+n referenced 80 86 db to full scale) dac thd+n (referenced to full scale) line 0 and 1 (10 k w load) 0.010 0.020 % C80 C74 db line 1 (48 w load) 0.022 0.100 % C73 C60 db mono speaker (48 w load) 0.045 0.100 % C67 C60 db dac crosstalk (input l, zero r, measure C80 db lout0r & 1r; input r, zero l, measure lout0l & 1l) gain error (full-scale span relative to nominal) 0.75 db dac interchannel gain mismatch (line 0 and 1) 0.3 db (difference of gain errors) total out-of-band energy* C60 db (measured from 0.55 f s to 100 khz) audible out-of-band energy* C72 db (measured from 0.55 f s to 22 khz, all selectable sampling frequencies) *guaranteed, not tested. AD1849K rev. 0 C3C
AD1849K rev. 0 C4C monitor mix attenuator min typ max units step size (0.0 db to C60 db)* 1.3 1.5 1.7 db step size (C61.5 db to C94.5 db)* 1.0 1.5 2.0 db output attenuation* C95 0.2 db dac attenuator min typ max units step size (0.0 db to C60 db) 1.3 1.5 1.7 db (tested at steps C1.5 db, C19.5 db, C39 db and C60 db) step size (C61.5 db to C94.5 db)* 1.0 1.5 2.0 db output attenuation* C95 0.2 db system specifications min typ max units system frequency response* C0.5 +0.2 db (line in to line out, 0 to 0.45 f s ) differential nonlinearity* 0.9 lsb phase linearity deviation* 5 degrees analog output min typ max units full-scale output voltage (line 0 & 1) 0.707 v rms [olb = 1] 1.85 2.0 2.1 v p-p full-scale output voltage (line 0) 1.0 v rms [olb = 0] 2.8 v p-p full-scale output voltage (line 1) 4.0 v p-p [olb = 0] full-scale output voltage (mono speaker) 4.0 v p-p [olb = 1] full-scale output voltage (mono speaker) 8.0 v p-p [olb = 0] cmout voltage (no load) 1.80 2.25 2.50 v cmout current drive* 100 m a cmout output impedance 4 k w mute attenuation of 0 db C80 db fundamental* (line 0, 1, & mono) static digital specifications min max units high level input voltage (v ih ) digital inputs 2.4 (v dd +) + 0.3 v xtal1/2i 2.4 (v dd +) + 0.3 v low level input voltage (v il ) C0.3 0.8 v high level output voltage (v oh ) at i oh = C2 ma 2.4 v low level output voltage (v ol ) at i ol = 2 ma 0.4 v input leakage current C10 10 m a (go/nogo tested) output leakage current C10 10 m a (go/nogo tested)
digital timing parameters (guaranteed over +4.75 v to +5.25 v, 0 8 c to +70 8 c) min typ max units sclk period (t clk ) slave mode, ms = 0 80 ns master mode, ms = 1* 1/(f s bits per frame) s sclk hi (t hi )* slave mode, ms = 0 25 ns sclk lo (t lo )* slave mode, ms = 0 25 ns clkin frequency 13.5 mhz clkin hi 30 ns clkin lo 30 ns crystals frequency 27 input setup time (t s )15 ns input hold time (t ih )10 ns output delay (t d ) 25 ns output hold time (t oh )0 ns output hi-z to valid (t zv )15 ns output valid to hi-z (t vz ) 20 ns power up reset lo time 50 ms operating reset lo time 100 ns power supply min typ max units power supply voltage range* 4.75 5.25 v Cdigital and analog power supply currentoperating 100 130 ma (50% i vdd , 50% i vcc , unloaded outputs) power supply currentpower down 20 200 m a power supply rejection (@ 1 khz)* 40 db (at both analog and digital supply pins, both adcs and dacs) clock specifications* min max units input clock frequency, crystals 27 mhz clock duty cycle tolerance 10 % sample rate (f s ) 5.5125 50 khz *guaranteed, not tested. specifications subject to change without notice. AD1849K rev. 0 C5C
AD1849K rev. 0 C6C absolute maximum ratings* min max units power supplies digital (v dd ) C0.3 6.0 v analog (v cc ) C0.3 6.0 v input current (except supply pins and mout, 10.0 ma moutr, lout1r, lout1l, lout1c) analog input voltage (signal pins) C0.3 (v cc +) + 0.3 v digital input voltage (signal pins) C0.3 (v dd +) + 0.3 v ambient temperature (operating) 0 +70 c storage temperature C65 +150 c esd tolerance (human body 500 v model per method 3015.2 of mil-std-883b) warning : cmos device. may be susceptible to high voltage transient-induced latchup. *stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ordering guide temperature package package model range description option AD1849Kp 0 c to +70 c 44-lead plcc p-44a warning! esd sensitive device caution esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. electrostatic charges as high as 4000 v readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. although the AD1849K features proprietary esd protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. therefore, proper esd precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. 44-lead plastic leaded chip carrier pinout 0.656 (16.66) 0.650 (16.51) sq 0.695 (17.65) 0.685 (17.40) sq 0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07) 0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07) 40 6 top view 39 29 18 17 pin 1 identifier 7 28 0.032 (0.81) 0.026 (0.66) 0.021 (0.53) 0.013 (0.33) 0.056 (1.42) 0.042 (1.07) 0.025 (0.63) 0.015 (0.38) 0.180 (4.57) 0.165 (4.19) 0.63 (16.00) 0.59 (14.99) 0.110 (2.79) 0.085 (2.16) 0.040 (1.01) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27) bsc 0.020 (0.50) r pin 1 identifier bottom view 44-lead tqfp AD1849Kst soundport stereo codec 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 v dd pio0 n/c lout0r lout0l lout1l lout1c pio1 lout1r gndd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 cout1 gndd cout2 pdn c0 minr linr minl cin2 v dd 36 35 34 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 cin1 clkin v dd gndd sdrx sdtx sclk fsync clkout tsout tsin 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 linl c1 v ref gnda cmout v cc gnda n/c mout moutr v cc n/c = no connect reset d/c
AD1849K rev. 0 C7C pin description digital signals pin name plcc tqfp i/o description sdrx 1 39 i receive serial data pin sdtx 44 38 o transmit serial data pin sclk 43 37 i/o bidirectional serial bit clock fsync 42 36 o frame sync output signal tsout 41 35 o chaining word output tsin 40 34 i chaining word input d/ c 35 29 i data/control select input cin1 6 44 i crystal 1 input cout1 7 1 o crystal 1 output cin2 10 4 i crystal 2 input cout2 11 5 o crystal 2 output clkin 4 42 i external sample clock input (256 f s ) clkout 5 43 o external sample clock output (256 f s ) pdn 13 7 i power down input (active hi) reset 12 6 i reset input (active lo) pio1 37 31 i/o parallel input/output bit 1 pio0 36 30 i/o parallel input/output bit 0 analog signals pin name plcc tqfp i/o description linl 18 12 i left channel line input linr 16 10 i right channel line input minl 17 11 i left channel microphone input (C20 db from line level if mb = 0 or line level if mb = 1) minr 15 9 i right channel microphone input (C20 db from line level if mb = 0 or line level if mb = 1) lout0l 32 26 o left channel line output 0 lout0r 33 27 o right channel line output 0 lout1l 31 25 o left channel line output 1 lout1r 29 23 o right channel line output 1 lout1c 30 24 i common return path for large current from external headphones mout 27 21 o mono speaker output moutr 28 22 i mono speaker output return c0 14 8 o external 1.0 m f capacitor ( 10%) connection c1 20 14 o external 1.0 m f capacitor ( 10%) connection n/c 26 20 no connect (do not connect) n/c 34 28 no connect (do not connect) v ref 21 15 o voltage reference (connect to bypass capacitor) cmout 19 13 o common mode reference datum output (nominally 2.25 v) power supplies pin name plcc tqfp i/o description v cc 23 & 24 17, 18 i analog supply voltage (+5 v) gnda 22 & 25 16, 19 i analog ground v dd 3, 8, 38 41, 2, 32 i digital supply voltage (+5 v) gndd 2, 9, 39 40, 3, 33 i digital ground
AD1849K rev. 0 C8C ( continued from page 1 ) functional description this section overviews the functionality of the AD1849K and is intended as a general introduction to the capabilities of the device. as much as possible, detailed reference information has been placed in control registers and other sections. the user is not expected to refer repeatedly to this section. analog inputs the AD1849K soundport stereo codec accepts stereo line-level and mic-level inputs. these analog stereo signals are multiplexed to the internal programmable gain amplifier (pga) stage. the mic inputs can be amplified by +20 db prior to the pga to compensate for the voltage swing difference between line levels and typical condenser microphones. the mic inputs can bypass the +20 db fixed gain block and go straight to the input multiplexer, which often results in an improved system signal-to-noise ratio. the pga following the input multiplexer allows independent selectable gains for each channel from 0 to 22.5 db in +1.5 db steps. the codec can operate either in a global stereo mode or in a global mono mode with left-channel inputs appearing at both channel outputs. analog-to-digital datapath the AD1849K ?d adcs incorporate a proprietary fourth-order modulator. a single pole of passive filtering is all that is required for anti-aliasing the analog input because of the adcs high 64 times oversampling ratio. the adcs include linear-phase digital decimation filters that low-pass filter the input to 0.45 f s (f s is the word rate or sampling frequency). adc input overrange conditions will cause a sticky bit to be set that can be read. digital-to-analog datapath the ?d dacs are preceded by a programmable attenuator and a low-pass digital interpolation filter. the attenuator allows independent control of each dac channel from 0 db to C94.5 db in 1.5 db steps plus full digital mute. the anti-imaging inter- polation filter oversamples by 64 and digitally filters the higher frequency images. the dacs ?d noise shapers also oversample by 64 and convert the signal to a single-bit stream. the dac outputs are then filtered in the analog domain by a combination of switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters. they remove the very high frequency components of the dac bitstream output, including both images at the oversampling rate and shaped quantization noise. no external components are required. phase linearity at the analog output is achieved by internally compensating for the group delay variation of the analog output filters. attenuation settings are specified by control bits in the data stream. changes in dac output level take effect only on zero crossings of the digital signal, thereby eliminating zipper noise. each channel has its own independent zero-crossing detector and attenuator change control circuitry. a timer guarantees that requested volume changes will occur even in the absence of an input signal that changes sign. the time-out period is 10.7 milliseconds at a 48 khz sampling rate and 64 milliseconds at an 8 khz sampling rate (time-out [ms] ? 512/ sampling rate [khz]). monitor mix a monitor mix is supported that digitally mixes a portion of the digitized analog input with the analog output (prior to digitiza- tion). the digital output from the adcs going out of the serial data port is unaffected by the monitor mix. along the monitor mix datapath, the 16-bit linear output from the adcs is attenuated by an amount specified with control bits. both channels of the monitor data are attenuated by the same amount. (note that internally the AD1849K always works with 16-bit pcm linear data, digital mixing included; format conversions take place at the input and output.) sixteen steps of C6 db attenuation are supported to C94.5 db. a 0 implies no attenuation, while a 14 implies 84 db of attenuation. specifying full scale 15 completely mutes the monitor datapath, preventing any mixing of the analog input with the digital input. note that the level of the mixed output signal is also a function of the input pga settings since they affect the adcs output. the attenuated monitor data is digitally summed with the dac input data prior to the dacs datapath attenuators. because both stereo signals are mixed before the output attenuators, mix data is attenuated a second time by the dacs datapath attenuators. the digital sum of digital mix data and dac input data is clipped at plus or minus full scale and does not wrap around. analog outputs one stereo line-level output, one stereo headphone output, and one monaural (mono) speaker output are available at external pins. each of these outputs can be independently muted. muting either the line-level stereo output or the headphone stereo output mutes both left and right channels of that output. when muted, the outputs will settle to a dc value near cmout, the midscale reference voltage. the mono speaker output is differential. the chip can operate either in a global stereo mode or in a global mono mode with left channel inputs appearing at both outputs. digital data types the AD1849K supports four global data types: 16-bit twos- complement linear pcm, 8-bit unsigned linear pcm, 8-bit companded m -law, and 8-bit companded a-law, as specified by control register bits. data in all four formats is always trans- ferred msb first. sixteen-bit linear data output from the adcs and input to the dacs is in twos-complement format. eight-bit data is always left-justified in 16-bit fields; in other words, the msbs of all data types are always aligned; in yet other words, full-scale representations in all three formats correspond to equivalent full-scale signals. the eight least-significant bit positions of 8-bit linear and companded data in 16-bit fields are ignored on input and zeroed on output. the 16-bit pcm data format is capable of representing 96 db of dynamic range. eight-bit pcm can represent 48 db of dynamic range. companded m -law and a-law data formats use nonlinear coding with less precision for large-amplitude signals. the loss of precision is compensated for by an increase in dynamic range to 64 db and 72 db, respectively.
AD1849K rev. 0 C9C on input, 8-bit companded data is expanded to an internal linear representation, according to whether m -law or a-law was specified in the codecs internal registers. note that when m -law compressed data is expanded to a linear format, it requires 14 bits. a-law data expanded requires 13 bits, see figure 1. 3/2 2/1 15 0 15 0 msb msb 0 0 0 / 0 0 15 0 msb dac input expansion compressed input data 3/2 2/1 lsb lsb 8 7 lsb figure 1. a-law or m -law expansion when 8-bit companding is specified, the adcs linear output is compressed to the format specified prior to output. see figure 2. note that all format conversions take place at input or output. internally, the AD1849K always uses 16-bit linear pcm representations to maintain maximum precision. lsb 3/2 2/1 15 0 15 0 msb msb 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 msb adc output truncation compression lsb 8 7 lsb figure 2. a-law or m -law compression power supplies and voltage reference the AD1849K operates from +5 v power supplies. independent analog and digital supplies are recommended for optimal performance, though excellent results can be obtained in single supply systems. a voltage reference is included on the codec and its 2.25 v buffered output is available on an external pin (cmout). the cmout output can be used for biasing op amps used in dc coupling. the internal reference is externally bypassed to analog ground at the v ref pin. note that v ref should only be connected to its bypass capacitors. autocalibration the AD1849K supports an autocalibration sequence to eliminate dac and adc offsets. the autocalibration sequence is initiated in the transition from control mode to data mode, regardless of the state of the ac bit. the user should specify that analog outputs be muted to prevent undesired outputs. monitor mix will be automatically disabled by the codec. during the autocalibration sequence, the serial data output from the adcs is meaningless and the adi bit is asserted. serial data inputs to the dacs are ignored. even if the user specified the muting of all analog outputs, near the end of the autocalibration sequence, dc analog outputs very close to cmout will be produced at the line outputs and mono speaker output. an autocalibration sequence is also performed when the AD1849K leaves the reset state (i.e., reset goes hi). the reset pin should be held lo for 50 ms after power up or after leaving power-down mode to delay the onset of the autocalibration sequence until after the voltage reference has settled. loopback digital and analog loopback modes are supported for device and system testing. the monitor mix datapath is always available for loopback test purposes. additional loopback tests are enabled by setting the enl bit (control word bit 33) to a 1. analog loopback mode d-a-d is enabled by setting the adl bit (control word bit 32) to a 1 when enl is a 1. in this mode, the dacs analog outputs are re-input to the pgas prior to the adcs, allowing digital inputs to be compared to digital outputs. the monitor mix will be automatically disabled by the codec during d-a-d loopback. the analog outputs can be individually attenuated, and the analog inputs are internally disconnected. note that muting the line 0 output mutes the looped-back signal in this mode. digital loopback mode d-d is enabled by resetting the adl bit (control word bit 32) to a 0 when enl is a 1. in this mode, the control and data bit pattern presented on the sdrx pin is echoed on the sdtx pin with a two frame delay, allowing the host controller to verify the integrity of the serial interface starting on the third frame after d-d loopback is enabled. during digital loopback mode, the output dacs are operational.
AD1849K rev. 0 C10C the loopback modes are shown graphically in figure 3. gain monitor disable s AD1849K line, mic input disconnected functional sdtx sdrx 0 1 line 0 line 1 output a/d ?a-law encode ?a-law decode d/a mute AD1849K analog loopback d-a-d gain monitor s AD1849K line, mic input sdtx sdrx line 0, line 1 output functional a/d ?a-law encode ?a-law decode d/a mute AD1849K digital loopback d-d figure 3. AD1849K loopback modes clocks and sample rates the AD1849K can operate from external crystals, from a 256 f s input clock, from an input clock with a programmable divide factor, or from the serial ports bit clock (at 256 f s ), selected under software control. two crystal inputs are provided to generate a wide range of sample rates. the oscillators for these crystals are on the AD1849K, as is a multiplexer for selecting between them. they can be overdriven with external clocks by the user, if so desired. the recommended crystal frequencies are 16.9344 mhz and 24.576 mhz. from them the following sample rates can be internally generated: 5.5125, 6.615, 8, 9.6, 11.025, 16, 18.9, 22.05, 27.42857, 32, 33.075, 37.8, 44.1, 48 khz. regardless of clock input source, a clock output of 256 f s is generated (with some skew). if an external input clock or the serial ports bit clocks are selected to drive the AD1849Ks internal operation, they should be low jitter clocks. if no external clock will be used, analog devices recommends tying the clock input pin (clkin) to ground. if either external crystal is not used, analog devices recommends tying its input (cin1 and/or cin2) to ground.
AD1849K rev. 0 C11C control registers the AD1849K soundport stereo codec accepts control information through its serial port when in control mode. some control information is also embedded in the data stream when in data mode. (see figure 8.) control bits can also be read back for syste m verification. operation of the AD1849K is determined by the state of these control bits. the 64-bit serial control mode and dat a mode control registers have been arbitrarily broken down into bytes for ease of description. all control bits initialize to def ault states after reset or power down. those control bits that cannot be changed in control mode are initialized to defaults on the transition from data mode to control mode. see below for a definition of these defaults. control mode control registers control byte 1, status register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 001mbolbdcb0ac 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 mb mic bypass: 0 mic inputs applied to +20 db fixed gain block. 1 mic inputs bypass +20 db fixed gain block. olb output level bit: 0 full-scale line 0 output is 2.8 v p-p (1 v rms). full-scale line 1 output is 4.0 v p-p. full-scale mono speaker output is 8.0 v p-p. 1 full-scale line 0 output is 2.0 v p-p. full-scale line 1 output is 2.0 v p-p. full-scale mono speaker output is 4.0 v p-p. dcb data/control bit. used for handshaking in data/control transitions. see dcb handshake protocol. ac autocalibration. autocalibration will always occur on the control-to-data mode transition. the ac bit is ignored. autocalibration requires an interval of 194 frames. offsets for all channels of adc and dac are zeroed. the user should specify that analog outputs are muted to prevent undesired outputs, i.e., om0 = 0, om1 = 0, and sm =0. monitor mix will be automatically disabled by the codec.
AD1849K rev. 0 C12C control byte 2, data format register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 0 0 dfr2 dfr1 dfr0 st df1 df0 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 dfr2:0 data conversion frequency (f s ) select tin khz): dfr divide factor xtal1 (24.576 mhz) xtal2 (16.9344 mhz) 0 3072 8 5.5125 1 1536 16 11.025 2 896 27.42857 18.9 3 768 32 22.05 4 448 n/a 37.8 5 384 n/a 44.1 6 512 48 33.075 7 2560 9.6 6.615 note that the AD1849Ks internal oscillators can be overdriven by external clock sources at the crystal input pins. if an external clock source is used, it should be applied to the crystal input pin (cin1 or cin2), and the crystal output pin (cout1 or cout2) should be left unconnected. the external clock source need not be at the recommended crystal frequencies, and it will be divided down by the selected divide factor. st global stereo mode. both converters are placed in the same mode. 0 mono mode. the left analog input appears at both adc outputs. the left digital input appears at both dac outputs. 1 stereo mode df1:0 codec data format selection: 0 16-bit twos-complement pcm linear 1 8-bit m -law companded 2 8-bit a-law companded 3 8-bit unsigned pcm linear control byte 3, serial port control register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 its mck2 mck1 mck0 fsel1 fsel0 ms txdis 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 its immediate three-state: 0 fsync, sdtx and sclk three-state within 3 sclk cycles after d/ c goes lo 1 fsync, sdtx and sclk three-state immediately after d/ c goes lo mck2:0 clock source select for codec internal operation: 0 serial bit clock (sclk) is the master clock at 256 f s 1 24.576 mhz crystal (xtal1) is the clock source 2 16.9344 mhz crystal (xtal2) is the clock source 3 external clock (clkin) is the clock source at 256 f s 4 external clock (clkin) is the clock source, divided by the factor selected by dfr2:0 (external clock must be stable and valid within 2000 periods after it is selected.) fsel1:0 frame size select: 0 64 bits per frame 1 128 bits per frame 2 256 bits per frame 3 reserved note that fsel is overridden in data mode when sclk is the clock source (mck = 0). when sclk is providing the 256 f s clock for internal codec operation, 256 bits per frame is effectively selected, regardless of fsels contents. ms master/slave mode for the serial interface: 0 receive serial clock (sclk) and tsin from an external device (slave mode) 1 transmit serial clock (sclk) and frame sync (fsync) to external devices (master mode) note that ms is overridden when sclk is the clock source (mck = 0). when sclk is providing the clock for internal codec operation, slave mode is effectively selected, regardless of the contents of ms . txdis transmitter disable: 0 enable serial output 1 three-state serial data output (high impedance) note that control mode overrides txdis. in control mode, the serial output is always enabled.
AD1849K rev. 0 C13C control byte 4, test register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 000000enladl 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 enl enable loopback testing: 0 disabled 1 enabled adl loopback mode: 0 digital loopback from data/control receive to data/control transmit (d-d) 1 analog loopback from dacs to adcs (d-a-d) control byte 5, parallel port register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 pio1 pio0 000000 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 pio1:0 parallel i/o bits for system signaling. pio bits do not affect codec operation. control byte 6, reserved register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 00000000 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 reserved bits should be written as 0. control byte 7, revision register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 0010 revid3 revid2 revid1 revid0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 revid3:0 silicon revision identification. reads greater than or equal to 0010 (i.e., 0010, 0011, etc.) for the AD1849K. control byte 8, reserved register data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 00000000 76543210 reserved bits should be written as 0.
AD1849K rev. 0 C14C data mode data and control registers data byte 1, left audio datamost significant 8 bits data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 l15 l14 l13 l12 l11 l10 l9 l8 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 in 16-bit linear pcm mode, this byte contains the upper eight bits of the left audio data sample. in the 8-bit companded and li near modes, this byte contains the left audio data sample. in mono mode, only the left audio data is used. msb first format is used in all modes, and twos-complement coding is used in 16-bit linear pcm mode. data byte 2, left audio dataleast significant 8 bits data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 l7 l6 l5 l4 l3 l2 l1 l0 55 54 53 52 51` 50 49 48 in 16-bit linear pcm mode, this byte contains the lower eight bits of the left audio data sample. in the 8-bit companded and li near modes, this byte is ignored on input, zeroed on output. in mono mode, only the left audio data is used. msb first format is use d in all modes, and twos-complement coding is used in 16-bit linear pcm mode. data byte 3, right audio datamost significant 8 bits data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 r15 r14 r13 r12 r11 r10 r9 r8 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 in 16-bit linear pcm mode, this byte contains the upper eight bits of the right audio data sample. in the 8-bit companded and l inear modes, this byte contains the right audio data sample. in mono mode, this byte is ignored on input, zeroed on output. msb first format is used in all modes, and twos complement coding is used in 16-bit linear pcm mode. data byte 4, right audio dataleast significant 8 bits data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 in 16-bit linear pcm mode, this byte contains the lower eight bits of the right audio data sample. in the 8-bit companded and l inear modes, this byte is not used. in mono mode, this byte is ignored on input, zeroed on output. msb first format is used in all mo des, and twos-complement coding is used in 16-bit linear pcm mode. data byte 5, output setting register 1 data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 om1 om0 lo5 lo4 lo3 lo2 lo1 lo0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 om1 output line 1 analog mute: 0 mute line 1 1 line 1 on om0 output line 0 analog mute: 0 mute line 0 1 line 0 on lo5:0 output attenuation setting for the left dac channel; 0 represents no attenuation. step size is 1.5 db; 62 represents 93 db of attenuation. attenuation = 1.5 db lo, except for lo = 63, which represents full digital mute.
AD1849K rev. 0 C15C data byte 6, output setting register 2 data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 adi sm ro5 ro4 ro3 ro2 ro1 ro0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 adi adc invalid. this bit is set to 1 during the autocalibration sequence, indicating that the serial data output from the adcs is meaningless. sm mono speaker analog mute: 0 mute mono speaker 1 mono speaker on ro5:0 output attenuation setting for the right dac channel; 0 represents no attenuation. step size is 1.5 db; 62 represents 93 db of attenuation. attenuation = 1.5 db ro, except for ro = 63, which represents full digital mute. data byte 7, input setting register 1 data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 pio1 pio0 ovr is lg3 lg2 lg1 lg0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pio1:0 parallel i/o bits for system signaling. pio bits do not affect codec operation. ovr adc input overrange. this bit is set to 1 if either adc channel is driven beyond the specified input range. it is sticky, i.e., it remains set until explicitly cleared by writing a 0 to ovr. a 1 written to ovr is ignored, allowing ovr to remain 0 until an overrange condition occurs. is input selection: 0 line-level stereo inputs 1 microphone (condenser-type) level inputs if mb = 0 (+20 db gain), or line-level stereo inputs if mb = 1 (0 db gain). lg3:0 input gain for left channel. 0 represents no gain. step size is 1.5 db; 15 represents +22.5 db of input gain. gain = 1.5 db lg. data byte 8, input setting register 2 data 7 data 6 data 5 data 4 data 3 data 2 data 1 data 0 ma3 ma2 ma1 ma0 rg3 rg2 rg1 rg0 76543210 ma3:0 monitor mix. 0 represents no attenuation, i.e., the adcs output is fully mixed with the dacs input. step size is 6 db; 14 represents an attenuation of both channels of the adcs output along the monitor datapath of 84 db. mix attenuation = 6 db ma, except for ma = 15, which disables monitor mix entirely. rg3:0 input gain for right channel. 0 represents no gain. step size is 1.5 db; 15 represents +22.5 db of input gain. gain = 1.5 db rg.
AD1849K rev. 0 C16C control register defaults upon coming out of reset or power down, internal control registers will be initialized to the following values: defaults calming out of reset or power down mb 0 mic input applied to +20 db fixed gain block olb 0 full-scale line 0 output 2.8 v p-p, full-scale line 1 output 4.0 v p-p, full-scale mono speaker output 8.0 v p-p dcb 1 data/control bit hi ac 0 autocalibration disabled dfr2:0 0 8 or 5.5125 khz st 0 monophonic mode df1:0 1 8-bit m -law data its 0 fsync, sdtx and sclk three-state within 3 sclk cycles after d/ c goes lo mck2:0 0 serial bit clock [sclk] is the master clock fsel1:0 2 256 bits per frame ms 0 slave mode txdis 1 three-state serial data output enl 0 loopback disabled adl 0 digital loopback pio1:0 3 1s, i.e., three-state for the open collector outputs om1:0 0 mute line 0 and line 1 outputs lo5:0 63 mute left dac adi 1 adc data invalid, autocalibration in progress sm 0 mute mono speaker ro5:0 63 mute right dac ovr 0 no overrange is 0 line-level stereo inputs lg3:0 0 no gain on left channel ma3:0 15 no mix rg3:0 0 no gain on right channel also, when making a transition from control mode to data mode, those control register values that are not changeable in control mode get reset to the defaults above (except pio). the control registers that can be changed in control mode will have the values they were just assigned. the subset of the above list of control registers that are assigned default values on the transition f rom control mode to data mode are: defaults at a control-to-data mode transition om1:0 0 mute line 0 and line 1 lo5:0 63 mute left dac sm 0 mute mono speaker ro5:0 63 mute right dac ovr 0 no overrange is 0 line-level stereo inputs lg3:0 0 no gain ma3:0 15 no mix rg3:0 0 no gain note that all these defaults can be changed with control information in the first data word. note also that the pio bits in the output serial streams always reflect the values most recently read from the external pio pins. (see parallel i/o bits below for timing details.) a control-to-data mode transition is no exception. an important consequence of these defaults is that the AD1849K codec always comes out of reset or power down in slave mode with an externally supplied serial bit clock (sclk) as the clock source. an external device must supply the serial bit clock and the chaining word input signal (tsin) initially. (see codec startup, modes, and transitions below for more details.)
AD1849K rev. 0 C17C serial interface a single serial interface on the AD1849K provides for the trans- fer of both data and control information. this interface is simi- lar to at&ts concentrated highway interface (chi), allowing simple connection with isdn and other telecommunication devices. the AD1849Ks implementation also allows a no-glue direct connection to members of analog devices family of fixed-point dsp processors, including the adsp-2101, the adsp-2105, the adsp-2111, and the adsp-2115. frames and words the AD1849K serial interface supports time-division multi- plexing. up to four AD1849K codecs or compatible devices can be daisy-chained on the same serial lines. a frame can consist of one, two, or four 64-bit words. thus, frames can be 64, 128, or 256 bits in length as specified by the fsel bits in control byte 3. only 64 bits of each frame, a word, contain meaningful data and/or control information for a particular codec. see figure 4 below. one word/frame word #1 0 63 two words/frame word #1 word #2 0 63 64 127 four words/frame word #1 word #2 word #3 word #4 0 63 64 127 128 191 192 255 figure 4. frames and words the AD1849K supports two types of words: data words and control words. the proper interpretation of a word is deter- mined by the state of the asynchronous data/control (d/ c ) pin. the d/ c pin establishes whether the soundport codec is in the data mode or control mode. transitions between these modes require an adherence to a handshaking protocol to pre- vent ambiguous bus ownership. the data/ control transition protocol is described below in a separate section. clocks and the serial interface the primary pins of the AD1849Ks serial interface are the serial data receive (sdrx) input pin. the serial data transmit (srtx) pin, the serial data bit clock (sclk) pin, the frame sync output (fsync) pin, the chaining word input (tsin) pin, and the chaining word output (tsout) pin. the AD1849K can operate in either master modein which case sclk and fsync are outputs and tsin is an inputor in slave mode in which case sclk and tsin are inputs and fsync is three- stated. if the AD1849K is in master mode, the internally selected clock source is used to drive sclk and fsync. note that in control mode, the codec always behaves as a slave, regardless of the current state of the ms (master/slave) bit. the five possible combinations of clock source and master/slave are summarized in figure 5. internal oscillators yes conditional clkin yes conditional sclk impossible yes master slave figure 5. clock source and master/slave combinations recommended modes are indicated above by yes. note that codec performance is improved with a clean clock source, and in many systems the lowest jitter clocks available will be those generated by the codecs internal oscillators. conversely, sclk in many systems will be the noisiest source. the master/sclk clock source combination is impossible because selecting sclk as the clock source overrides the ms control bit, forcing slave mode. (the sclk pin cannot be driving out if it is simulta- neously receiving an external clock.) the internal oscillators or clkin can be the clock source when the serial interface is in slave mode provided that all clocks applied to the AD1849K soundport codec are derived from the same external source. precise phase alignment of the clocks is not necessary, rather the requirement is that there is no frequency drift between the clocks. in master mode, the sclk output frequency is determined by the number of bits per frame selected (fsel) and the sampling frequency, f s . in short, sclk = fsel f s in master mode. timing relationships input data (except pio) is clocked by the falling edge of sclk. data outputs (except pio) begin driving on the rising edge of sclk and are always valid well before the falling edge of sclk. word chaining input, tsin, indicates to a particular codec the beginning of its word within a frame in both slave and master modes. the master mode codec will generate a fsync output which indicates the beginning of a frame. in single codec systems, the masters fsync output should be tied to the masters tsin input to indicate that the beginning of the frame is also the beginning of its word. in multiple codec daisy-chain systems, the masters fsync output should be tied to the tsin input of the coded (either the master or one of the slaves) which is intended to receive the first word in the frame. fsync and tsin are completely independent, and nothing about the wiring of fsync to tsin is determined by master or slave status (i.e., the master can own any one of the words in the frame). the master codecs fsync can also be tied to all of the slave codecs fsync pins. when a slave, a codecs fsync output is three-stated. thus, it can be connected to a masters fsync without consequence. see daisy-chaining multiple codecs below for more details. the fsync rate is always equal to the data conversion sampling frequency, f s . in data mode, the key significance of frames are to synchronize the transfer of digital data between an AD1849Ks internal adcs and dacs and its serial interface circuitry. if, for example, a codec has been programmed for two words per frame (fsel = 1), then it will trigger the data converters and transfer data between the converters and the interface every 128 sclks. the tsin input signals the codec where its word begins within the frame. in control mode, frame size is irrelevant to the operation of any particular codec; tsin and tsout are sufficient to convey all the information required.
AD1849K rev. 0 C18C tsin is sampled on the falling edge of sclk. a lo-to-hi transition of tsin defines the beginning of the word to occur at the next rising edge of sclk (for driving output data). the lo-to-hi transition is defined by consecutive lo and hi samples of tsin at the falling edges of sclk. both input and output data will be valid at the immediately subsequent falling edge of sclk. see figures 6 and 7. sclk fsync, tsin, & tsout sdrx & sdtx first data bit of word figure 6. AD1849K timing relationships after the beginning of a word has been recognized, tsin is a dont care; its state will be ignored until one sclk period before the end of the current word. sclk sdrx and tsin inputs sdtx, fsync, and tsout outputs t d t oh t d t oh pio inputs pio outputs t zv t vz sdtx control or data byte 1, bit 7 output sdtx control or data byte 8, bit 0 output t ih t s t ih t s t hi t lo t clk figure 7. AD1849K timing parameters the AD1849K comes out of reset with the default conditions specified in control register defaults. it will be in the mode specified by the d/ c pin. if in control mode, the soundport codec can be configured by the host for operation. subsequent transitions to control mode after initialization are expected to be relatively infrequent. control information that is likely to change frequently, e.g., gain levels, is transmitted along with the data in data mode. see figure 8 for a complete map of the data and control information into the 64-bit data word and the 64-bit control word. 16-bit stereo data word 16-bit mono data word 8-bit stereo data word 8-bit mono data word control word left-channel audio right-channel audio om lo adi sm ro pio ovr is lg ma rg 63 4847 3231 30292423 2221 161514 13 12118743 0 left-channel audio left-channel audio om lo adi sm ro pio ovr is lg ma 0000 63 4847 3231 30292423 2221 161514 13 12118743 0 om lo adi sm ro pio ovr is lg ma 63 4847 323130292423 2221 161514 13 12118743 0 39 40 55 56 left audio 0000 0000 right audio 0000 0000 rg om lo adi sm ro pio ovr is lg ma 63 3231 30292423 2221 161514 13 12118743 0 55 56 left audio 0000 0000 0000 left audio 0000 0000 001 mb olb dcb 0 ac 00 dfr st df its mck fsel ms txdis 0000 00 enl adl pio 00 0000 0000 0000 0010 revid 0000 0000 63 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 51 50 49 48 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 34 33 32 31 30 16 15 12 11 8 7 0 29 24 23 figure 8. AD1849K bit positions for data and control
AD1849K rev. 0 C19C daisy-chaining multiple codecs up to four soundport codecs can be daisy-chained with frame sizes in multiples of 64 bits. the serial data is time-division multiplexed (tdm), allocating each codec its own 64-bit word in the frame. the pins that support tdm daisy-chaining of multiple codecs are the word chaining input (tsin) and the word chaining out- put (tsout ). as described above, tsin is used to indicate the position of the first bit of a particular codecs 64-bit word within the total frame. the word chaining output (tsout) is generated by every codec during the transmission of the last bit of its 64-bit word. the first device in any codec chain uses an externally generated or self-generated fsync signal as an input to tsin. the tsout of the first codec is wired directly to the tsin of the second codec and so on. the waveform of tsout is a pulse of one sclk period in duration. all codecs share the same sclk, fsync, sdrx, and sdtx lines since they are select- ing different words from a common frame. note that a powered-down codec immediately echoes tsin on tsout. thus, a codec can be added or removed from the chain simply by using the pdn pin. see reset and power down below for more details. see figure 9 for an illustration of daisy-chained codecs. external device sclk sdtx sdrx fsync AD1849K #1 master sclk sdrx sdtx fsync tsin tsout AD1849K #2 slave sclk sdrx sdtx fsync tsin tsout clkout clkin d/c pdn1 reset pdn2 d/c pdn reset d/c pdn reset figure 9. AD1849K daisy-chaining note that at most, one codec in a daisy-chain can be in master mode without contention. all other codecs must be in slave mode, receiving sclk and tsin externally. each slave can use sclk as its clock source. however, as an alternative, it is possible to connect the clkout pin of the master codec to the clkin pins of the slaves, so that the sam- ple frequency selected by the master (from one of its two crys- tals) will be automatically applied to the slaves. the master must be programmed for the desired sample frequency and the correct number of bits per frame. the slaves must be pro- grammed for clkin as the clock source, the correct number of bits per frame, and sclk as an input. the slaves fsync out- puts will be three-stated and thus can be connected to the masters fsync without contention. if sclk is the clock source, it must run at 256 f s , and therefore the frame size must be 256 bits, i.e., four words. by contrast, if the master codecs clkout is used as the clock source, then it can run at either 256 f s or 128 f s . parallel i/o bits both data and control words allocate bit positions for parallel i/o, pio1:0. this provides a convenient mechanism for transferring signaling information between the serial data and control streams and the external pair of bidirectional pins also named pio1 and pio0. the states of the parallel i/o bits and pins do not affect the internal operation of the codec in any way; their exclusive use is for system signaling. the pio pins are open-drain and should be pulled hi exter- nally. they can be read (through serial output data) in either control or data mode and can be written (through serial input data) in data mode exclusively. the values in the pio field of the control word serial input in control mode will be ignored. an external device may drive either pio pin lo even when written hi by the codec, since the pin outputs are open-drain. thus, a pio value read back as a serial output bit may differ from the value just written as a serial input bit. the pio pins are read on the rising edge of sclk five (5) sclk periods before the first pio bit is transmitted out over the serial interface. in data mode, the pio pins are sampled as bit 20 starts to be driven out. in control mode, the pio pins are sampled as bit 36 starts being driven out. timing para- meters are as shown in figure 7; pio pin input data is relative to the rising edge of sclk. (note that only the pio pins are read on sclk rising edges.) the pio pins are driven very shortly after the pio data bits in the input data word are read (data mode only). they are driven on the falling edge of sclk (unlike any other output). the pio data bits in the input are located at bits 15 and 14 in the data word and at bits 31 and 30 in the control word (figure 8). due to the five (5) sclk period delay, the pio pins will be driven out with new values for data mode on the sclk falling edge when bit 8 is read in, and for control mode on the sclk falling edge when bit 24 is read in. codec startup, modes, and transitions reset and power down the AD1849K stereo codec can be reset by either of two closely related digital input signals, reset and power down (pdn). reset is active lo and pdn is active hi. asserting pdn is equivalent to asserting reset with two exceptions. first, if pdn is asserted (when reset is hi), then the tsin and tsout chaining pins remain active. tsout will immediately echo whatever signal is applied to tsin during power down. this feature allows a very simple system test to detect life even in a power-down state. it also allows the user to selectively shut off codecs in a daisy chain by powering down the unwanted codecs. the down-stream codecs will simply move up a word position in frame. the second difference is that power consumption will be lower in power-down mode than in exclusive reset mode. the cmout and lout1c pins will not supply current while the AD1849K is in the power-down state since all outputs collapse to ground.
AD1849K rev. 0 C20C reset should be asserted when power is first applied to the AD1849K. reset should be asserted for a minimum of 50 ms at power-up or when leaving the power-down mode to allow the power supplies and the voltage reference to settle. any time reset is asserted during normal operation, it should remain asserted for a minimum of 100 ns to insure a complete reset. note that an autocalibration sequence will always occur when reset is deasserted, in addition to on the control mode to data mode transition. coming out of either reset or power down, the state of the data/ control pin (d/ c ) will determine whether the codec is in data mode or control mode. in the unlikely event that the control register defaults are desired for codec operation, it is possible to go directly from reset or power down to data mode and begin audio operation. control mode more typically, users coming out of reset or power down will want to change the control register defaults by transmitting a control word in control mode. the user of the AD1849K soundport codec can also enter control mode at any time during normal data mode operation. the d/ c pin is provided to make this possible. the codec enters control mode when the d/ c pin is driven lo or held lo when coming out of reset and/or power down. in control mode, the location of a word within a frame is determined solely by the behavior of the tsin and tsout signals. each codec by itself does not care where the frame boundaries fall as defined by the system. the contents of the frame size select (fsel1:0, control word bits 43 and 42) bits are irrelevant to the operation of each AD1849K in control mode. in control mode, a codec requires 64 sclk cycles to be fully programmed. additional sclk cycles (more than 64) that occur before the end of the frame will be ignored. if four codecs, for example, were daisy-chained, then each codec would receive tsin every 256 bits. in this case, codec #2s input control word will be positioned between bit 64 and bit 127 in the input frame. control word echo while in control mode, the AD1849K codec will echo the control word received as a serial input on the sdrx pin as a serial output in the next frame on the sdtx pin. (sdtx will be enabled regardless of the setting of the txdis bit, control word bit 40.) this echoing of the control information allows the external controller to confirm that the codec has received the intended control word. for the four codec daisy chain example above, the control word will be echoed bit for bit as an output between bit 64 and bit 127 in the next output frame. in general, in control mode, the location of the echo control word within a frame will be at the same word location as the input control word. in the first frame of control mode, the AD1849K will output a control word that reflects the control register values operative during the most recent data mode operation. if control mode was entered prior to any data mode operation, this first output word will simply reflect the standard default settings. dcb will always be 1 in the first output echoed control word. dcb handshaking protocol the d/ c pin can make transitions completely asynchronously to internal codec operation. this fact necessitates a handshaking protocol to ensure a smooth transition between serial bus masters (i.e., the external controller and the codec) and guarantee unambiguous serial bus ownership. this software handshake protocol for control mode to data mode transitions makes use of the data/control bit (dcb) in the control mode control word (bit 58). prior to initiating the change to control mode, the external controller should gradually attenuate the audio outputs. the dcb handshake protocol requires the following steps: enter control mode the external controller drives the d/ c pin lo, forcing the codec into control mode as a slave. the dcb transmitted from the external controller to the codec may be 0 or 1 at this point in the handshake. when its = 0 (control word bit 47) and the codec was oper- ating as the master in the preceding data mode, immediately after d/ c goes lo, the codec will drive fsync and tsout lo for one sclk period, then three-state fsync. sdtx is three-stated immediately after d/ c goes lo. tsout is not three-stated. the codec will drive sclk for three (3) sclk periods after d/ c goes lo and then three-state sclk. the external controller must wait at least three (3) sclk periods after it drives d/ c lo, and then start driving sclk. when its = 1 (control word bit 47) and the codec was operating as the master in the preceding data mode, the codec will three-state fsync, sdtx, and sclk immediately after d/ c goes lo. tsout is driven lo immediately after d/ c goes lo and is not three-stated. the external controller may start driving sclk immediately. when its = 0 and the external controller was operating as the master in the preceding data mode, the external controller must continue to supply sclk to the slave codec for at least three (3) sclk periods after d/ c goes lo before a control mode tsin is issued to the codec. tsin must be held lo externally until the first control word in control mode is supplied by the external controller. this prevents false starts and can be easily accomplished by using a pull-down resistor on tsin as recommended. the slave codec drives tsout and sdtx lo, then three-states sdtx, all within 1 1/2 (one and one half) sclk periods after d/ c goes lo. tsout is not three-stated. when its = 1 and the external controller was operating as the master in the preceding data mode, the external controller must continue to supply sclk to the slave codec. a control mode tsin should be issued to the codec three or more sclk periods after d/ c goes lo. the slave codec drives tsout lo and three-states sdtx immediately after d/ c goes lo. tsout is not three-stated. the codec initializes its data mode control registers to the defaults identified above, which among other actions, mutes all audio outputs. first dcb interlock when the external controller is ready to continue with the dcb handshake, the control word sent by the external controller should have the dcb reset to 0 along with arbitrary control information (i.e., the control information does not have to be valid, although if it is valid, it allows the external controller to verify that the echoed control word is correct). the external controller should continue to transmit this bit pattern with
AD1849K rev. 0 C21C dcb = 0 until the echoed dcb from the codec also is reset to 0 (i.e., it must poll dcb until a 0 is read). this is the first interlock of the dcb handshake. the dcb = 0 is echoed on sdtx in the next frame after it was received on sdrx if a sample rate has been consistently selected and the clock source is generated using the internal oscillator. otherwise dcb = 0 will be echoed on sdtx in the frame after at least 2 ms of consistent sample rate selection expires. if sclk or clkin is used as the clock source, the user must guarantee that the source selection and sample rate are stable for 2 ms before d/ c is driven hi. note that after sending a control word with dcb = 0, the external controller must take care not to set (or glitch) dcb = 1 until after the echoed dcb = 0 has been received from the codec. second dcb interlock after it sees the dcb = 0 (and has optionally verified that the echoed control word is correct), and when it is ready to continue with the dcb handshake, the external controller should transmit the desired and valid control information, but now with dcb set to 1. the external controller can then transmit arbitrary control information until the echoed dcb from the codec is also set to l (i.e., it must poll dcb until a l is read). after this control word with dcb = 1, all future control information received by the codec during control mode (i.e., while d/ c is lo) will be ignored. this is the second and final interlock of the dcb handshake. the codec will echo dcb = l in the next frame after it was received on sdrx if a sample rate has been consistently selected and the clock source is generated using the internal oscillator. otherwise dcb = 1 will be echoed on sdtx once one sample rate selection has been held constant for at least 2 ms. if sclk or clkin is used as the clock source, the user must guarantee that the source selection and sample rate are stable for 2 ms before d/ c is driven hi. the codec will transmit the full 64-bit control word with dcb = 1 and then three-state the sdtx pin. the external controller must continue to supply sclk to the codec until all 64 bits of the control word with dcb = 1 have been transmitted by the codec, plus at least one [1] more sclk after this 64-bit control word (i.e., at least 65 sclks). note that echoing the full 64-bit control word makes the AD1849K match the behavior of the cs4215. exit control mode control mode dcb handshake is now complete. the codec will remain inactive until d/ c goes hi or reset and or pdn are asserted. note that if a sample rate and a clock source have been consistently selected throughout the handshake, the AD1849K and the cs4215 dcb protocols are equivalent. control mode to data mode transition and autocalibration the AD1849K will enter data mode when the asynchronous d/ c signal goes hi. the serial interface will become active immediately and begin receiving and transmitting data words in accordance with the sclk, fsync, tsin, and tsout signals as shown in figure 6. if the codec enters data mode as a master, it will generate one complete sclk period before it drives fsync hi; fsync will go hi with the second rising edge of sclk. this allows external devices driven by sclk to recognize a complete fsync lo-to-hi transition. if an AD1849K codec enters data mode as a slave, it can recognize a tsin lo-to-hi transition even if sclk is simultaneously making its first lo-to-hi transition. in fact, the AD1849K serial interface will operate properly even if d/ c , sclk, and tsin all go hi at the same time. see figure 10 for a flow chart representation of a typical startup sequence, including the dcb handshake. transmit 194 data words to codec begin audio operation wait for codec to transmit back a dcb hi transmit a control word to codec with dcb lo transmit desired control word to codec with dcb hi wait for codec to transmit back a dcb lo apply power while reset is pulled lo and wait 50 milliseconds provide tsin and sclk signals to codec. drive reset hi (inactive) while d/c is lo bring d/c hi enter control mode first dcb interlock 0 ?2ms second dcb interloc k 0 ?2ms exit control mode autocalibration figure 10. typical AD1849K startup sequence applications circuits the AD1849K stereo codec has been designed to require a minimum of external circuitry. the recommended circuits are shown in figures 11 through 20 and summarized in figure 21. analog devices estimates that the total cost of all the compo- nents shown in these figures, including crystals, to be less than $5 in 10,000 piece quantities. industry-standard compact disc line-levels are 2 v rms centered around analog ground. (for other audio equipment, line level is much more loosely defined.) the AD1849K soundport is a +5 v only powered device. line level voltage swings for the AD1849K are defined to be 1 v rms for adc input and 0.707 v rms for dac output. thus, 2 v rms input analog signals must be attenuated and either centered around the reference voltage intermediate between 0 v and + 5 v or ac-coupled. the cmout pin will be at this intermediate voltage, nominally 2.25 v. it has limited drive but can be used as a voltage datum to an op amp input. note, however, that dc-coupled inputs are not recommended, as they provide no performance benefits with the AD1849K architecture. further- more, dc offset differences between multiple dc-coupled inputs create the potential for clicks when changing the input mux selection.
AD1849K rev. 0 C22C a circuit for 2 v rms line-level inputs is shown in figure 11. note that this is approximately a divide-by-two resistive divider. 5.1k 5.1k 560pf linl 0.33 m f npo 5.1k 5.1k 560pf linr 0.33 m f npo figure 11. AD1849K 2 v rms line-level input circuit an external passive antialias filter is required. if line-level inputs are already at the 1 v rms levels expected by the AD1849K, the resistors in parallel with the 560 pf capacitors should be omitted and the series 5.1 k w resistor should be decreased to 2.5 k w . the AD1849K codec contains a bypassable +20 db gain block to accommodate condenser microphones. particular system requirements will depend upon the characteristics of the intended microphone. figure 12 illustrates one example of how an electret condenser mike requiring phantom power could be connected to the AD1849K. cmout is shown buffered by an op amp; a transistor like a 2n4124 will also work fine for this purpose. note that if a battery-powered microphone is used, the buffer and r2s are not needed. the values of r1, r2, and c should be chosen in light of the mic characteristics and intended gain. typical values for these might be r1 = 20 k w , r2 = 2 k w , and c = 220 pf. 5k 1 m f 1/2 ssm-2135 or ad820 minl cmout left electret condenser microphone input 5k c 1 m f minr right electret condenser microphone input 1/2 ssm-2135 or ad820 r 1 c cmout r 1 r 2 r 2 1/2 ssm-2135 or ad820 0.33 m f 0.33 m f figure 12. AD1849K phantom-powered microphone input circuit figure 13 shows ac-coupled line outputs. the resistors are used to center the output signals around analog ground. if dc- coupling is desired, cmout could be used with op amps as mentioned below. 1 m f 47k lout0l 1 m f 47k lout0r figure 13. AD1849K line output connections a circuit for headphone drive is illustrated in figure 14. drive is supplied by +5 v operational amps. the circuit shown ac couples the headphones to the line output. headphone left headphone right lout1l lout1r 470 m f 10k ssm-2135 8.66k 8.66k 470 m f 10k lout1c figure 14. AD1849K headphone drive connections the AD1849K has a common return path lout1c which is biased up to the cmout voltage, nominally 2.25 v. the AD1849K allows for 6 db larger output voltage swings by resetting the olb bit (bit 59 of the control word) to 0. figure 15 illustrates an alternative headphone connection for the AD1849K which uses the lout1c pin to eliminate the need for ac coupling. the 12 w resistors minimize output level variations caused by different headphone impedances. lout1l, lout1r and lout1c are short-circuit protected. note that driving headphones directly as shown in figure 15 with olb = 0 will cause clipping for large input signals and will only work with very efficient walkman-type headphones. for high quality headphone listening, analog devices recommends the circuit shown in figure 14 with olb = 1. lout1l lout1r lout1c 12 w 1/2w headphone left headphone right headphone return 12 w 1/2w figure 15. AD1849K optional headphone drive connections
AD1849K rev. 0 C23C no external circuitry is required for driving a single speaker from the AD1849Ks mono outputs as shown in figure 16. note that this output is differential. analog devices guarantees specified distortion performance for speaker impedances of 48 w or greater. lower impedance speakers can be used, but at the cost of some distortion. when driving speakers much less than 48 w , a power amp should be used. the AD1849K can drive speakers of 32 w or greater. mout moutr z 3 32 w figure 16. AD1849K external mono speaker connector figure 17 illustrates reference bypassing. v ref should only be connected to its bypass capacitors, which should be located as close to pin 21 as possible (especially the 0.1 m f capacitor). 10 m f 10 m f cmout 0.1 m f v ref figure 17. AD1849K voltage reference bypassing figure 18 illustrates signal-path filtering capacitors, c0 and c1. the AD1849K must use 1.0 m f capacitors. c1 c0 1 m f1 m f figure 18. AD1849K external filter capacitor connections the crystals shown in the crystal connection circuitry of figure 19 should be fundamental-mode and parallel-tuned. two sources for the exact crystals specified are component marketing services in massachusetts, u.s. at 617-762-4339 and cardinal compo- nents in new jersey, u.s. at 201-746-0333. note that using the exact data sheet frequencies is not required and that external clock sources can be used to overdrive the AD1849Ks internal oscillators. (see the description of the mck1:0 control bits above.) if using an external clock source, apply it to the crystal input pins while leaving the crystal output pins unconnected. attention should be paid to providing low jitter external input clocks. cout1 cin1 20?4pf 24.576mhz 20?4pf cout2 cin2 20?4pf 16.9344mhz 20?4pf figure 19. AD1849K crystal connections good, standard engineering practices should be applied for power-supply decoupling. decoupling capacitors should be placed as close as possible to package pins. if a separate analog power supply is not available, we recommend the circuit shown in figure 20 for using a single +5 v supply. ferrite beads suffice for the inductors shown. this circuitry should be as close to the supply pins as is practical. +5v supply 1.6 w 1 m f 0.1 m f v dd 0.1 m f ferrite 0.1 m f 0.1 m f 0.1 m f ferrite 0.1 m f 1 m f 1 m f v dd v dd v cc v cc figure 20. AD1849K recommended power supply bypassing the two pio pins must be pulled hi, as they have open drain outputs. analog devices also recommends pull-down resistors for sclk, fsync, sdtx, sdrx, and tsin to provide margin against system noise. clkin, cin1, and cin2, if not used, should be grounded. a typical connection diagram is shown in figure 21, which serves to summarize the preceding application circuits.
AD1849K rev. 0 C24C 5.1k 0.33 m f 5.1k 560pf npo 5.1k 0.33 m f 5.1k 560pf npo preferred microphone input circuit 10 m f 10 m f cmout 0.1 m f v ref +5v supply 1 m f 0.1 m f v dd 0.1 m f ferrite 0.1 m f 0.1 m f 0.1 m f 1 m f v dd v dd 1.6 ferrite 1 m f v cc v cc v dd linl linr minl minr c0 c1 gnda gnda pdn pio0 pio1 0.1 m f mout moutr mono speaker lout0l lout0r 47k 47k 1 m f 1 m f line out 0 line out 1 or preferred headphone circuit lout1l lout1r lout1c AD1849K cout1 cin1 cout2 cin2 tsin reset fsync sclk sdtx sdrx gndd gndd gndd 20k 24.576mhz 20?4pf 16.9344mhz unused inputs should be grounded and nc's left unconnected 47k line in 1 m f 1 m f w figure 21. typical connection diagram analog devices recommends a split ground plane as shown in figure 22. the analog plane and the digital plane are connected directly under the AD1849K. splitting the ground plane directly under the soundport codec is optimal because analog pins will be located above the analog ground plane and digital pins will be located directly above the digital ground plane for the best isolation. the digital ground and analog grounds should be tied together in the vicinity of the AD1849K. other schemes may also yield satisfactory results. figure 23 illustrates the zero-chip interfaces of the AD1849K soundport codec to four of analog devices fixed-point ds m ps. the adsp-2111, adsp-2101 and adsp-2115 use their multichannel serial port for the data interface and flag outputs for d/ c . the adsp-2105 has a single serial port which operates in its frameless mode. because the adsp-2105 lacks a flag output, it alone does require additional circuitry to generate d/ c . shown is an implementation using a single d-flop, an or-gate, and two pull-down resistors. low level adsp-21xx software drivers for the AD1849K are supplied with the AD1849K evaluation board. source and object codes arc available from your analog devices sales representative or on the analog devices dsp bulletin board. the dsp bulletin board telephone number is (617) 461-4258, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, 300 to 2400 baud. note that the interface to the texas instruments tms320c25 must be significantly more complicated than these three examples because the c25s serial port cannot be a master, which is required of the external controller during control mode. pdn n/c lout0r c0 digital ground plane analog ground plane AD1849K figure 22. AD1849K recommended ground plane sclk0 rfs0 dt0 dr0 fl0 adsp-2111 sclk fsync tsin sdrx sdtx d/c AD1849K sclk0 rfs0 dt0 dr0 fo adsp-2101 adsp-2115 sclk fsync tsin sdrx sdtx d/c AD1849K sclk rfs tfs dt dr d8 wr dms adsp-2105 sclk fsync tsin sdrx sdtx d/c AD1849K reset reset clr d q 10k 10k figure 23. interfaces to analog devices fixed-point ds m ps
AD1849K rev. 0 C25C cs4215 compatibility the analog devices AD1849K soundport stereo codec is pin- compatible with the cs4215. these chips were independently codeveloped to a common specification provided by sun microsystems, inc. because of their independent development, they will differ in performance and in minor details. a board can be designed to accommodate either chip by attending to a few differences in their required support circuitry. if consistent control information is transmitted to the codec during control mode, the AD1849K dcb handshake is compatible with the cs4215. see text for more details. the analog devices AD1849K uses two external capacitors to complete its internal input filter as shown in figure 18. the cs4215 calls the two pins on the AD1849K for these capacitor connections, no connects. by laying out a board with these capacitors, either chip will work. the AD1849K requires an external passive antialias filter as shown in figure 11. in contrast, the recommended input circuit for the cs4215 is a single-pole active filter requiring a dual op amp. though overkill for the AD1849K, this input circuit will work with the AD1849K as well. the AD1849K was designed to require no external low-pass filters on analog outputs. as shown in figure 13, the AD1849K only requires ac coupling capacitors and resistors for line-level dc bias. in contrast, the cs4215 has a single- pole passive filter for its recommended line-level output circuit. though overkill for the AD1849K, this output circuit will work with the AD1849K as well. pin 38 (plcc) and pin 32 (tqfp) on the AD1849K is used as a digital power supply. on the cs4215, this pin is a no connect. we strongly recommend connecting this pin to the digital supply. both chips should operate in this configura- tion. pin 39 (plcc) and pin 33 (tqfp) on the AD1849K is used as a digital ground. on the cs4215, this pin is a no connect. we strongly recommend connecting this pin to the digital ground plane. both chips should operate in this configuration. analog devices recommends a 10 m f bypass capacitor on the voltage reference output, cmout (pin 19). using a 0.47 m f capacitor may be acceptable in many systems, however dac performance at low sample rates will be improved with the larger capacitor.
AD1849K rev. 0 C26C frequency response plots 10 ?20 1.0 ?0 ?10 0.1 ?00 0.0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 0 ?0 ?0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 db sample frequency (f s ) figure 24. AD1849K analog-to-digital frequency response to f s (full-scale line-level inputs, 0 db gain) 10 ?20 0.60 ?0 ?10 0.42 ?00 0.40 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 0 ?0 ?0 0.56 0.58 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 db sample frequency (f s ) figure 25. AD1849K analog-to-digital frequency response C transition band (full-scale line-level inputs, 0 db gain) 10 ?20 1.0 ?0 ?10 0.1 ?00 0.0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 0 ?0 ?0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 db sample frequency (f s ) figure 26. AD1849K digital-to-analog frequency response (full-scale inputs, 0 db attenuation) 10 ?20 0.60 ?0 ?10 0.42 ?00 0.40 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 ?0 0 ?0 ?0 0.56 0.58 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 db sample frequency (f s ) figure 27. AD1849K digital-to-analog frequency response C transition band (full-scale inputs, 0 db attenuation)
AD1849K rev. 0 C27C index page product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ordering guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 pin out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AD1849K pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 analog inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 analog-to-digital datapath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 digital-to-analog datapath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 monitor mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 analog outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 digital data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 power supplies and voltage reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 autocalibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 clocks and sample rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 control mode control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 data mode data and control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 control register defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 serial interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 frames and words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 clocks and the serial interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 timing relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 daisy-chaining multiple codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 parallel i/o bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 codec startup, modes, and transitions . . 19 reset and power down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 control mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 control word echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 dcb handshaking protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 control mode to data mode transition and autocalibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 applications circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 cs4215 compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 frequency response plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 packageoutline dimension drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
AD1849K rev. 0 C28C outline dimensions dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 44-lead plastic leaded chip carrier (plcc) 0.656 (16.66) 0.650 (16.51) sq 0.695 (17.65) 0.685 (17.40) sq 0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07) 0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07) 40 6 top view 39 29 18 17 pin 1 identifier 7 28 0.032 (0.81) 0.026 (0.66) 0.021 (0.53) 0.013 (0.33) 0.056 (1.42) 0.042 (1.07) 0.025 (0.63) 0.015 (0.38) 0.180 (4.57) 0.165 (4.19) 0.63 (16.00) 0.59 (14.99) 0.110 (2.79) 0.085 (2.16) 0.040 (1.01) 0.025 (0.64) 0.050 (1.27) bsc 0.020 (0.50) r pin 1 identifier bottom view 44-lead thin quad flatpack (tqfp) 0.018 (0.45) 0.012 (0.30) 44 34 33 23 22 1 12 11 0.394 (10.0) sq 0.472 (12.00) sq 0.0315 (0.80) bsc pin 1 top view 0.093 (1.6) max 0 min 0.004 0.002 (0.1 0.05) 0.024 0.006 (0.6 0.15) 0.055 0.002 (1.40 0.05) 0.006 0.002 (0.145 0.055) seating plane c1885C5C3/94 printed in u.s.a.

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